On the Con: Scam Artists

Perhaps my own particular aversion to the amateur sleuth thing, and my appreciation of private eyes and other "professionals" has something to do with competence. I can take unlikely amateurs rising to the occasion and grabbing the gold, saving the girl or cracking the case once, but don't have the same amateur come back once a year to do it all over again, for twenty more books (or even worse, weekly on television). If that was the way God wanted it, we'd just replace all our cops with feisty librarians, folksinging veterinarians, small town doctors and nosy spinsters armed with knitting needles to keep the peace.

I guess I just really enjoy watching someone do their job (the one they make a living at) well. Books where the protagonist constantly screws up, thereby creating most of the plot, really bother me (unless, of course, it's played for comedic effect).

And surely one of the most competent types of characters in crime fiction must be the con artist, because he, or she, always has to be smarter than everyone else. So, although they're not always eyes, many of the same traits a good private eye needs (understanding of human nature, focus, drive) makes for a good con artist, as well.

When I first posted a message about this on Rara Avis, there was some debate about whether a story about con artist could be considered hardboiled. As Mark Blumenthal pointed out, "By their very definitions it should be impossible for them to be combined. The good con artist is trying to avoid force. Violence should only happen when he is incompetent or very unlucky. Deception is the key. One of my favorites, Ross Thomas, almost always had con men as his protagonists, but there was little hard boiled action. We read books about cons to see the
the execution of a scheme. The movie, The Sting, has a fair amount of violence and even some noir-like qualities, but I'm sure nobody on this list would consider it hard boiled."

However, as Mark Sullivan puts it, " I don't think it is violence that defines the hardboiled. I think it's the professionalism held up against all odds, while the world goes to hell and loses all standards around the protagonist. And this professionalism can apply equally to private eye or criminal. Both the recent Parkers and Wyatts have the older career criminal mourning the decline of professionalism as standards have fallen now that any junkie can walk into a bank with a sawed-off."

So, with that question lingering about whether a hardboiled scam story can exist or not, here are a few likely candidates:
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• The Contrary Blues by John Billheimer. It's about a small West Virginia town after coal mines close; and a decimal point error; and everyone is related to each other. Better than anything Westlake did on his best day.
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• Love is a Racket by John Ridley. Not a romance, despite the title. Jeffty, a small-time operator with a $30,000 obligation to a Haitian drug lord, hits on the perfect plan to get himself clear. A great book.
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• The King of the Hustlers by Eugene Izzi. I think this one qualifies as a hardboiled con book. Of course, this particular hustler was not very smart, which makes for hardboiled comedy.
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• Elmore Leonard has used con-men and women in various books, too. You could say that La Brava is about a con-woman's manipulations. And if I recall correctly, Gold Coast also has a con-man with a scam in hand. It is true that Leonard makes these confidence people fairly dumb, but their intent is not in doubt.
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• The Grifters by Jim Thompson is an excellent book about con artists, and was turned into an excellent movie with a script by Donald E. Westlake. in fact, the con artist is a recurring character in much of Jim Thompson's stuff.
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• "Yellow Kid" Weil - Con Man, by Yellow Kid Weil himself, as told to W.T. Brannon. Anyone interested in books about cons and scams should seek this one out. I haven't read it yet, but it has rave blurbs by Erle Stanley Gardner, Craig Rice and Brett Halliday. It looks like Weil pulled a lot of cons in the first part of the century and knew all kinds of shady hombres. The scam the girlfriend pulls in Thompson's The Grifters is described here.
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• They're films, but I think David Mamet's House of Games and The Spanish Prisoner both qualify as essential hardboiled con artist tales.
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• The Girl With The Long Green Heart by Lawrence Block's and Trick Baby and Long White Con by Iceberg Slim's feature hardboiled con games. The threat of violence often looms over the con man, the threat that the mark will catch on and retaliate (as happens early in The Grifters, for example). For instance, in Dan J. Marlowe's Four For the Money, the con man Slick is well aware that the most important part of his conning some other con men in a card game is getting out the door in a plausible manner, before they catch on that he has taken them.
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• King Con by Stephen J. Cannell. Featuring master scammeister Beano Bates, yet another in a long line of charismatic conmen by TV's Cannell, the man responsible for Jim Rockford (co-created with Roy Huggins) and his own E.L. "Tenspeed" Turner. Come to think of it, Huggins' Maverick was pretty slick, too.
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• Perfect Pigeon by Richard Wormser. A very satisfactory book about cons. Maybe not hard-boiled, but certainly medium-boiled. Well worth seeking out.
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• Switch, created by Alan Godfrey and Glen A. Larson. An ex-cop and a con artist open up a detective agency in this mid-seventies CBS TV show, starring Eddie Albert and Robert Wagner.

Thanks to the hardboiled guys and broads at Rara Avis (including Bill, Mari, William,Ed, Mario, various Marks, etc.) for their much-valued comments and suggestions.