Pepe Carvalho
Created by Manuel Vazquez Montalban

"Do you realise that we private eyes are the barometers of established morality? I tell you society is rotten. It doesn't believe in anything," asks Spanish-language private eye PEPE CARVAHLO of his friend, Biscuter, in Southern Seas (1979). Pepe is a fat and cynical eye, whose turf is the mean streets of Barcelona, and possesses some dubious politics, an agile mind and a silver tongue, and a taste for fine food and drink.

However, three months without a job and a lot to drink has him contemplating the sad fact that no one cares anymore about missing wives, adulterous husbands or runaway daughters. The problem these days isn't that nobody cares but that nobody gives a shit any more.

Pepe's own past is one of moral ambiguity, including a stint in the CIA, and some strong links to the Spanish Communist Party. In the present he is well placed, therefore, to investigate the uncertainties of a corrupt and changing society who's emergence as a capitalist democracy is forcing change on the world he knew and understood. In Off Side, for example, he muses that he is "No longer the measure of his external world, or even of his internal world, but just a precarious survivor." Somehow the run up to the Olympics has exposed something rotten "..the new city would no longer feel like the city he knew."

As he puts it,"Rich people with a guilty conscience seemed to be a thing of the past."

These books succeed on many levels and each is a delicious mix of classic private eye, social commentary, humour and gastronomic delight (Pepe may be the only hardboiled detective to have a personal cook). The Angst-Ridden Executive stands as one of the great books in the genre with its stunning and downbeat ending. Southern Seas is similarly pleasing as Pepe investigates the disappearance of a rich businessman. Murder in the Central Committee has Pepe leaving his beloved Barcelona to investigate the murder of the General Secretary of the PCP and is a profound - and often hilarious - commentary on the changing face of post Cold War Europe.

In Off Side, Pepe is asked to investigate threats made against Barcelona FC's new striker. His search takes him nowhere fast until he stumbles onto a corrupt pre-Olympic land deal involving an old Barrio Chino football club. The tone of the book is increasingly one of despair and loss. This theme continues in An Olympic Death as Pepe watches his beloved Barcelona change for the worse as he tries to come to terms with middle age.

For Pepe, Barcelona is the centre of the world. All things civilised, cultured and worth eating and drinking belong here. Throughout the books Barcelona is lovingly realised and, portrayed as a great noir city, it is a 'character' in its own right. Along its mean streets and barrios walks Pepe Carvhalo - astute, human, irreverent, a political realist who understands the need for pragmatism who misses the certainties of the past. A loner who will get the job done, so long as he can stop of on the way to indulge his real passions for food, drink and women, Pepe is one of the genre's truly great creations.

He's even been brought to both film and television. He first film appearance was in Tatuaje (19760, followed by Asesinato en el comité central (1982) and Los mares del sur (1990), with different actors playing Pepe every time.

The small screen seemed more suited to establishing Pepe as a series character. He made his debut in a Spanish production, starring Eusebio Poncela, that ran in the mid-eighties, and more recently, in a series of six made-for-TV films. Each 90-minute film is based on a novel or story from the Carvalho series, by a team of scriptwriters under the direct supervision of Manuel Vázquez Montalban himself. The series, starring Juanjo Puigcorbé as Pepe (pictured), has proven popular enough to even spawn a soundtrack LP.

Born in Barcelona, author Montalban is one of Spain's most popular and respected authors. He's also a well-respected columnist for the daily "El PaÌs" of Madrid, as well as a poet, playwright, essayist, and humourist, writing about everything from food to sociology and politics. His Pepe Carvalho series has been translated into several different languages (including English), and has won international acclaim, including the Planeta Prize (the Spanish version of the Booker Prize) in 1979 and the Grand Prix of Detective Fiction in France in 1981.

UNDER OATH

• "Caustic about the powerful and tewnder towards the oppressed."
  (The Times Literary Supplement)

NOVELS

• Yo maté a Kennedy (1972)
• Tatuaje (1974)
• La soledad del manager (1977; translated as "The Angst-Ridden Executive," 1990)
• Los mares del Sur (1979; translated as "Southern Seas,"1988)
• Asesinato en el Comité Central (1981; translated as "Murder in the Central Committee,"1988)
• Los pájaros de Bangkok (1983)
• La rosa de Alejandría (1984
• El Balneario (1986)
• El delantero centro fue asesinado al atardecer (1988; translated as "Off Side," 1996)
• El laberinto griego (1991; translated as Olympic Death, 1992)
• Sabotaje olímpico (1993)
• El hermano pequeño (1994)
• Roldán, ni vivo ni muerto (1994)
• El premio (1996, Planeta)
• Quinteto de Buenos Aires (1997; translated as "The Buenos Aires Quintet ," 2003)
• El hombre de mi vida (2000)
  .
• Originally published in Spanish, some of the Carvalho books have recently been translated and published by Serpent's Tail. Originally, at least some of them were published by Pluto Crime, an imprint of a British academic press specializing in "serious left wing books."

FILMS

• TATUAJE
  (1976, Profilmar/Spain)
  103 minutes
  Based on the novel by Manuel Vázquez Montalbán
  Directed by J. J. Bigas Lunas
  Starring Carlos Ballesteros as PEPE CARVALHO
  Also starring Pilar Velasquez, Monika Randall, Terele Pavez
  .
• ASESINATO EN EL COMITÉ CENTRAL
  A.K.A. Murder in the Central Committee
  (1982, Spain)
  118 minutes
  Based on the novel by Manuel Vázquez Montalbán
  Screenplay by Vicente Aranda
  Directed by Vicente Aranda
  Cinematography by José Luis Alcaine  
  Original Music by Manel Camp  
  Produced by Carlos Durán, José Antonio Pérez Giner
  Production companies: Morgana Films & Lola Films & Acuaris Productions
  Starring Paxti Andion as PEPE CARVALHO
  Also starring Victoria Abril, Conrado San Martin, José Vivo, Hector Alterio, Carlos Plaza, Ramon Duran, Rosa Maria Mateo, Jack Taylor
  .
• LOS MARES DEL SUR
  (1990, Cyrkfilms/I.C.C./Spain)
  Based on the novel by Manuel Vázquez Montalbán
  Screenplay by Gustavo Hernández, Manuel Esteban Marquilles
  Directed by Manuel Esteban
  Starring Juan Luis Galiardo as PEPE CARVALHO
  Also starring Jean-Pierre Aumont, Monica Duart, Alejandra Grepi, Carlos Lucena, Eulalia Ramón, Silvia Tortosa, Albert Vidal

TELEVISION

• LAS VENTURAS DE PEPE CARVALHO
  A.K.A. Le Privé
  (1984-85, Spain/France)
  TV series
  8 60-minute episodes
  Based on the novels by Manuel Vázquez Montalbán
  Director: Adolfo Aristarian, José Luis Cuerda, José Antonio Pàramo (1985)
  A Spanish/French co-production
  Starring Eusebio Poncela as PEPE CARVALHO
  with Pilar López as Charo
  and Ovidi Montllor as Biscuter
  Guest stars: Eddie Constantine
  .

• "Young Serra peso pluma"
• "La dama inacabada"
• "Golpe de estado"
• "La curva de la muerte"
• "El caso de la go-go girl"
• "Pigmalión"
• "Recien casados"
• "El mar un cristal opaco"
  .

• PEPE CARVALHO
  (1998-1999, CARTEL)
  6 90-minute TV movies
  Based on the novels by Manuel Vázquez Montalbán
  Writers: Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, Pedro Molina, Gérard Carré, Franco Giraldi
  Directors: Enrique Urbizu, Merzak Allouache, Emmanuelle Cuau, Franco Giraldi
  Music by Maurizio Abeni
  Produced by Cartel S.A., ICC para Tele 5, Solaris Cinematográfica, S.R.L Tanais
  A Spanish/French/Italian co-production
  Filmed on location in Barcelona
  Starring Juanjo Puigcorbé as PEPE CARVALHO
  with Valeria Marini as Charo
  Walter Vidarte as Bromuro
  Lluís Marco as Contreras
  and Jean Benguigui as Biscuter
  .

• "El hermano pequeño (1998)
• "La nostalgie commerce dans l'assiette" (1999)
• "La Soledad del manager" (1999)
• "Padre, patrón" (1999)
• "El Delantero centro fue asesinado al atardecer" (1999)
• "Alla ricerca di Shéhérazade" (1999)

COOKING WITH PEPE
As mentioned before, Pepe enjoys a good meal and also likes cooking. Here are two of his favorites:.

• DUCK
  To begin cooking duck at one in the morning is, according to Pepe Carvalho, "...one of the finest acts of madness that can be undertaken by a human being who is not actually mad". Take a very young duck and roast in its own fat. Fry some mushrooms and onion in bacon fat. Add white wine, salt, pepper and a bit of sliced truffle - preferably from Villores in the Maestrazago region. When the duck has finished roasting separate off the legs, wings and breasts and cut up the remaining bits of meat, including the birds delicate innards. Mix the meat with the ducks juices and add some stoned olives. Once blended mix the meat with the diced bacon and the mushrooms and truffle, adding a couple of spoonfuls of grated breadcrumbs. Let the mixture cook for a short while then sprinkle it over the larger bits of meat which have been arranged in a casserole. The bird will drink in the flavour of the sauce and will have displayed on its browned surface "...a landscape of mushrooms, bacon, olives, breadcrumbs and fragments of the meat sauce". Put the casserole on the gas for five minuets and then in the oven for a further five. A "..sublime unfathomable smell of well-roasted duck" should assail your nostrils as you open the oven door. The whole process should take approx. 1 _ hours. Serve with a celery salad and a chilled eau de vie.
  (From The Angst-Ridden Executive)
  .
• PEPPERS STUFFED WITH SEAFOOD
  Followed by LAMB ALMEDROCH
  First you need good red peppers - good and fleshy but not too large. One or two per person depending on how hungry you are. Grill the peppers carefully and then peel them but don't split them. Prepare the stuffing by combining cooked prawns, clams and shellfish with a thick béchamel made of equal parts of milk and the juice from boiling prawn heads seasoned with aromatic pepper and tarragon. Fill the peppers with the stuffing and cover with the remainder of the sauce. Bake slowly in a moderate oven. Them take a shoulder of lamb, boned and well flattened. Make stuffing it by mixing together pine kernels, raisons, garlic, parsley and bread soaked in almond milk and salt. Add to this pepper, cumin, chives, fennel, grated lemon skin, three eggs, a large onion, olive oil and thyme. Put the stuffing in the centre of the lamb, packing it inside. Truss the whole thing up with bacon rind. Brown in a cast iron casserole and add a quarter of a litre of water and pack with cloves of garlic and leave on a low flame. Turn it over every 10 to 15 minuets. Once cooked - but be careful not to over cook - take it out and remove the bacon rind and pack it into a dish with the mashed garlic cloves. Add an almedroch sauce by mixing garlic, oil and grated cheese until it is thick - adding the yoke of a boiled egg if you wish.
  (From Off Side)

FROM THE PEANUT GALLERY

• Pepe makes a cameo appearance, along with another popular Spanish gumshoe, Juame Fuster's Lluis Arquer, in Catalan author Maria-Antonia Oliver's Study in Lilac, featuring her own P.I., Lonia Guiu.

RELATED LINKS

• Manuel Vazquez Montalban
  An unofficial but impressive web site in Spanish, Catalan, French and English.

Contributed by Peter Walker. And special thanks to Carlos Diaz Maroto and Wolfgang Mizelli for the leads.